CVE-2026-40494 | SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving imag… | CVSS 9.8 CRITICAL

Description

SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. Prior to commit 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302, the TGA codec's RLE decoder in `tga.c` has an asymmetric bounds check vulnerability. The run-packet path (line 297) correctly clamps the repeat count to the remaining buffer space, but the raw-packet path (line 305-311) has no equivalent bounds check. This allows writing up to 496 bytes of attacker-controlled data past the end of a heap buffer. Commit 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302 patches the issue.

Metadata

CVE ID: CVE-2026-40494
State: PUBLISHED
Assigner: GitHub_M
Reserved: 2026-04-13 19:50 UTC
Published: 2026-04-18 01:42 UTC
Last updated: 2026-04-20 14:55 UTC
Primary CWE: CWE-787
CWE-787: Out-of-bounds Write
Vendor / Product: HappySeaFox / sail
Sources: cve.org · NVD

Severity & Metrics

9.8 CRITICAL CVSS 3.1

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC — CISA Coordinator

Exploitation: PoC
Automatable: yes
Tech. Impact: total

Affected products (1)

Vendor	Product	Platform	Versions
HappySeaFox	sail	—	< 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302

Weakness (CWE)

CWE	Source	Description
CWE-787	cna	CWE-787: Out-of-bounds Write

CVSS scores (1)

Score	Severity	Version	Source	Vector
9.8	CRITICAL	3.1	cna	CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

References (2)

https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/security/advisories/GHSA-cp2j-rwh4-r46f https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/security/advisories/GHSA-cp2j-rwh4-r46f
https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/commit/45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302 https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/commit/45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302